Recent Changes

http://www.geneticorigins.org/
In order to compare your DNA sequence to that of other students, people of similar or different ethnic groups, Neanderthal Man or even a worm, click on this site. You must register but do not need to provide an email address.
Click on Manage Groups
Select 2013 (July to December)
Check Justine McLoughlin
Click OK
Scroll down to choose your number (Your teacher will give you this information) To compare to another student, click on arrow next to NONE box, then choose their number. Click on compare. Count the number of bases that are different. Can you find anyone who has exactly the same sequence as you? Try to find people who are most similar and those who are most different. Can you find similarities or differences based on ethnic origin?
If you click on manage groups again, you can compare your DNA sequence to people of known ethnic origin. Choose Modern Human, and then make more specific choices. Again, compare their sequence to yours.
http://www.bioservers.org/bioserver/index1.html
These are the instructions for analysis of a comparison of your DNA with Neanderthal Man.

Bioinformatics
site provides the background information in the use of mitochondrial DNA as a tool to study evolution. It contains information about the biochemical methods tools to allow you to own DNA "fingerprints"sequences as a
http://www.geneticorigins.org/
TheseIn order to compare your DNA sequence to that of other students, people of similar or different ethnic groups, Neanderthal Man or even a worm, click on this site. You must register but do not need to provide an email address.
http://www.bioservers.org/bioserver/index1.html
These are the for analysis of a comparison of your mitochondrial DNA sequence.with Neanderthal Man.
{Mitochondrial DNA Analysis.pdf}

Please complete both biotechnology surveys after we finish the unit.
1.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?PREVIEW_MODE=DO_NOT_USE_THIS_LINK_FOR_COLLECTION&sm=sVz7kwnxVYdcKQSi7hQQvb1oqU0AV9HGSOn8Bg3KDrE%3d
This survey must be completed by all students after completing the biotechnology labs.https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/3PLMNRH
2.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1T4anhQM9l8Pam-RqL0j3P5N4ot7cTn3CKfi0t61Ng2U/viewform?usp=drive_web&edit_requested=true

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CHYWNJYhttp://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CHYWNJY
Click here to take survey<a href="http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CHYWNJY">Click here to take survey</a>
Please complete thisboth biotechnology surveysurveys after we the unit.
1.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.aspx?PREVIEW_MODE=DO_NOT_USE_THIS_LINK_FOR_COLLECTION&sm=sVz7kwnxVYdcKQSi7hQQvb1oqU0AV9HGSOn8Bg3KDrE%3d
This survey must be completed by all students after completing the biotechnology labs.
2.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1T4anhQM9l8Pam-RqL0j3P5N4ot7cTn3CKfi0t61Ng2U/viewform?usp=drive_web&edit_requested=true
From this website, you will be able to access all the resources needed to conduct a series of Biotechnology Labs for both 10th Grade Biology and AP Biology.
In Biology the techniques you will learn include:

Background Information
Here is a great animation of the central dogma (>3 minutes long)
As you watch the introductory video on biotechnology, answer the questions below.
{Biotechnology Video.pdf}

Below is a link to a number of resources which explain the technique and applications of PCR
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/spotlight/index.html
of DNA. Click onBelow is the link below for information on howneeded to interpret your gel.
Interpreting Your Gel
1. Observe the photograph of the stained gel containing your sample and those from other students. Orient the photograph with the sample wells at the top. Interpret the band(s) in each lane of the gel:
{http://geneticorigins.org/images/mtDNAgel.gif} a. Scan across the photograph to get an impression of what you see in each lane. You should notice that virtually all student lanes contain one or two prominent bands.
b. Now locate the lane containing the pBR322/BstN I markers. Working from the well, locate the bands corresponding to each restriction fragment: 1,857 bp, 1,058 bp, 929 bp, 383 bp, and 121 bp (may be faint).
c. The amplification product of 440 bp should roughly align with the 383 bp marker.
d. It is common to see a second band lower on the gel.
http://geneticorigins.org/mito/mitoframeset.htm This diffuse (fuzzy) band is "primer dimer," an artifact of the PCR reaction that results from the primers overlapping one another and amplifying themselves. Primer dimer is approximately 50 bp, and should be in a position ahead of the 121 bp marker.
e. Additional faint bands, at other positions on the gel, occur when the primers bind to chromosomal loci other than mt control region and give rise to "nonspecific" amplification products.
2. How would you interpret a lane in which you observe primer dimer, but no 440-bp band?
3. The mt control region mutates at approximately 10 times the rate of nuclear DNA. Propose a biological reason for the high mutation rate of mt DNA.
4. The high mutability of the mt genome means that it evolves more quickly than the nuclear genome. This makes the mt control region a laboratory for the study of DNA evolution. However, can you think of any drawbacks to this high mutation rate?
5. There are numerous insertions of mt DNA into nuclear chromosomes. Notably, scientists recently discovered a 540-bp fragment of the mt control region that inserted into chromosome 11 approximately 350,000 years ago. Would you expect any difference in the mutation rates of the control region sequence in the mt genome versus the chromosome 11 insertion? What implication does this have in the study of human evolution?

Below is a link to a number of resources which explain the technique and applications of PCR
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/spotlight/index.html
After amplifying your DNA using PCR, you loaded a portion of your sample into a gel to check for the presence of DNA. Click on the link below for information on how to interpret the gel.
http://geneticorigins.org/mito/mitoframeset.htm

Column Chromatography Lab
red fluorescent prorteinprotein which has

Column Chromatography Lab
This video shows the technique of column chromatography. This will be used to extract the red fluorescent prortein which has been produced by the bacteria using recombinant DNA.

Recombinant DNA Lab
Here is a video which shows how recombinant DNA works.
{Genetic Engineering Reading.pdf}
This is a paper lab which simulates Recombinant DNA.
{Clone that Gene.pdf}
This lab must be completed to verify that the restriction enzymes have worked.
{plasmid Verification 2.pdf}
{Plasmid Verification Background.pdf}